Graphics cards, on the other hand, always come with a heatsink of some kind. Some CPUs include good-enough heatsinks and fans, while others don’t come with coolers at all. After all, even at stock clock rates, an optimized system can be made to run quietly at low temperatures under load. But enthusiasts looking to extract maximum performance from their PCs still need to pay close attention to cooling. Nowadays, chip manufacturers design a wide range of protection mechanisms into their components, preventing careless combinations of settings or a lopsided heat sink from doing harm. Eventually, your CPU or GPU might destabilize or even fail. And if you run your overclocked build at too high a temperature, a phenomenon called electromigration can degrade your chip’s circuitry at a rapid pace. When temperatures rise too high, silicon can throttle back its clock speeds to preserve itself, harming performance.
